The craniosacral system
Anatomy and physiology of the system
not fall outside the scope of this manual a detailed and in-depth anatomy and physiology of the nervous system: the practice of craniosacral therapy requires a basic reference, scientific rigor, structure and functions of the body that we are going to contact, but not Osteopathic medicine is a discipline or even because it requires a "mindset", a vision of reality and a predisposition to health and human relations that hardly can be acquired through study and practice of traditional medicine.
We will, however, to analyze, in some detail, the system characteristics that may explain the role of our intervention and providing the substrate on which to base the theory and practice of holistic health that, beyond technique, form the worldview within which we move.
thus giving countless texts and atlases of human anatomy and physiology Medical and scientific aspects that do not require, indeed, comments, or other considerations, remembering that this study is an essential basis for placing the material in its proper context of our work, and to allow it, at an advanced stage, to transcend their anatomical and physiological aspects to explore those more psychological and emotional.
The bones of the skull and the foramen magnum
What, beyond the notional aspects, it is important to consider here is the principle of joint mobility of the cranial bones. At the base of the physiology of the craniosacral system's discovery, in relatively recent years, the "movement of the skull", the sutures do not "weld" the skull in a "block" only, as deemed by the majority of the texts of anatomy (with the exception of some Israeli and Italian texts), but if you allow even the slightest movement, following the changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure due to its production and resorption.
In this regard, a clarification is needed: the bones of the skull does not really move in a discernible except through the highly sensitive and sophisticated analysis tools: what we perceive through physical contact is the change in intracranial pressure, a condition of tension (stress is precisely the scientific term to designate this type of force) and then an information, rather than a real movement.
Since in the twenties of last century osteopath William Sutherland spoke for the first time the movement of the cranial bones, most part of researchers and practitioners of craniosacral therapy have blindly continued to refer to the dynamics of the system as a movement.
From a mechanical standpoint, the movement is that it results in a change of position in space: fingers move, our body moves in space, objects can be moved from one place to another. When this so-called movement, however, does not involve a real change in external, will then be more correct to define it as a dynamic state of balance and tension. It 'obvious that the pressure of blood inside a blood vessel will be quantitatively and qualitatively different depending on whether its light is perfectly free or more or less limited by the presence of atheromatous plaques, but that does not mean supporting our hand on a thoroughfare, it is possible to perceive the "movement". Similarly, if putting a hand on a window pane I push it hard, the people who support his hands on the same glass, but on the other side of the window could feel tension but not the movement of the window.
remember that to avoid saying nonsense, imagining that the cerebrospinal fluid pressure has the effect of a bicycle pump on an inner tube, that the total amount of cerebrospinal fluid in 24 hours is about 500, up to 1000 cc, and then during the expansion phase of cerebrospinal fluid production and the quantity of it within the entire craniosacral system (brain and spinal cord) is a few cm. cubic. The amount of cerebrospinal fluid pressure and its variations are so small that they are not in itself sufficient to permit a skilled therapist to grasp the rhythm and its quantitative and qualitative, let alone talk about moving of the skull.
In craniosacral therapy, at least one branch of orthodox osteopathic, this would mean that any change in the structure of the bones of the skull and vertebrae will bring about a change in the functions of the system within which they work, that the nervous system.
At the same time, since the structure and function are interrelated, that is not: a functional modification of the system can affect the physical structure, resulting in a chain dysfunction, for compensation, in the rest of the body.
contrary, we think, because we perceive that this "movement" (Thin, naturally), has a significance that goes far beyond considerations of nervous system function involving the primordial process by which life manifests itself (the rhythm, the polarity, alternating).
Back to the bones of the skull.
These are structures that arise from the ectodermal germ layer, which will originate from the same nervous system and constitute a real barrier to the brain, sense organs located in it and structures that nourish them.
At the front they make up the splanchnocranium superiorly and posteriorly to the cranium: it is a shell that protects the brain, in which the inner overlapping number of layers of connective tissue disorders: the meninges.
from the outside can be identified in the dura, the arachnoid and the pia mater., which form the membranous structures (sickle tentorium cerebelli and sickle) that form the membranes of union (or separation) between the bones of the skull and brain tissue of the cortex which are in contact.
E 'own in the subarachnoid space, namely that between the latter two layers of fabric, which cerebrospinal fluid flows, feed and protect the neural structures of the brain. This goes on in the brain stem, and narrowed to form a tubular structure that, through the great occipital foramen, is inserted into the channel to form the dural spinal cord. In turn, this is protected by the spine, then go to "divide" in tubular structures with a diameter of less and less, that the neural network, from which the roots of the cranial nerves and spinal cord running along the body.
Although the study of theory and practice Craniosacral therapy does not require special skill memory and notional, however, is absolutely essential that each student acquires the outset fluent and familiar with the basic anatomical terminology.
Channel dural
This is one of the first body to take shape in embryonic connecting the head and neck with the coccyx. The dura mater should enjoy a certain freedom of movement within the vertebral canal and respect all'aracnoide, but adheres to the body in some specific points:
- the fibrous ring around the foramen magnum
- at the second and third cervical vertebra
- inferiorly at the level of the second sacral vertebra
It then merges with arachnoid , and pia mater out from the sacred to become the periosteum of the coccyx.
important feature of the dura mater is its inflexibility. It causes a tension, though minimal, at one end, it falls instantly and equally to the opposite end. This means in practice that any restriction imposed on cranial meninges be felt through the dural canal up to the sacred and vice versa.
Beyond this brief and elementary notions of anatomy, the aspect that most affects our treatment is that the principle of continuity of the system from outside, information materials (food, pollutants, liquid and gaseous) and intangibles (all events in the outside world that our emotions and stimulate their mental development), come through the nervous and immune to the brain, and from there through the tissues that form the different communication structures of the body (circulatory, lymphatic, immune, craniosacral), for each cell. But beware, what is transmitted, as we have said, is not a simple material substance, but also his respect of information, so if it is true that the body fluids and the mesenchyme in contact with each cell, That may be true that each cell will informed and will then contain the same information as all the others.
The craniosacral rhythm and movement of
flexion / extension
In terms of material and mechanical, production and reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid within the system Craniosacral produce a rhythmic increase and decrease in pressure within the system, this rate is transmitted in turn, on the bones of the skull, and here, through the column and the sacred, in all tissues of the body, first muscles and connective tissue.
There is talk of flexion with reference to the process of production of cerebrospinal fluid (and subsequent external rotation of the bone side), and extension with respect to its resorption (in this case the body wheel-house, "stretching"). Here, then, the principle of freedom joints of the skull can also be extended to joint sacred iliac, whose dysfunction (often due to incorrect posture, physical trauma, a lack of exercise) can affect the whole system (but remember that the reverse is also true).
Obviously, the principle that the body is a unit can not fail to be of fundamental importance not only for bone and joint structures, including nerve cells, ie in respect of the meninges: the principle of reciprocity in the tension membranes tells us precisely that given the physical link between the meninges and cranial bones, a dysfunction of the latter will affect the structure and function of the meninges, and from there to the rest the body (as usual, the inverse is also true).
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